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Types of Anxiety Disorder Medication Medicines are a great option to treat anxiety-related symptoms. Psychiatrists are trained extensively in the use of medications and are able to make appropriate prescriptions that reduce the risk of side effects. The typical treatment for anxiety disorders is three-pronged and consists of psychotherapy, exercise and medications. SSRIs are the first-choice medication to treat anxiety, however they can take up to a week for them to be effective. SSRIs SSRIs are the drug of choice for the majority of anxiety disorders. The newer SSRIs are less likely to cause adverse effects than older tricyclics and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) or tricyclic antidepressants. A variety of SSRIs are FDA-approved to treat generalized anxiety disorder, such as fluoxetine (aka Prozac), paroxetine (aka Paxil) sertraline (aka Zoloft), and citalopram (aka Celexa). These drugs boost serotonin levels in the brain. They may aid in increasing norepinephrine levels and BDNF. They can be utilized in conjunction with psychotherapy or alone. SSRIs can cause side effects, like nausea and digestive problems However, these tend to improve as the body gets used to the medication. The exact mechanism by which SSRIs help with anxiety is not understood fully. It is believed that SSRIs inhibit serotonin reuptake by post-synaptic neurons, and increase the amount of serotonin in the synaptic gaps. panic anxiety disorder increases the amount of signals that cross the synapse and it also reduces anxiety symptoms. In addition to reducing anxiety, SSRIs may reduce the frequency and severity of panic attacks. They also aid in the treatment of depression and other mental health conditions which often co-occur with anxiety disorders. They can be utilized in conjunction with psychotherapy or other types of cognitive behavior therapy, which can improve their effectiveness. SSRIs are not addictive, unlike other antidepressants. However, it is crucial to follow your doctor's instructions exactly. If you stop taking your medication suddenly, this can cause “discontinuation syndrome” and a recurrence of anxiety-related symptoms. If SSRIs aren't suitable for your needs, your doctor may look into a different kind of antidepressants, like nefazodone or mirtazapine. These drugs can also be effective, however they have a greater risk of adverse effects than the more recent SSRIs. SSRIs can interact with certain foods, such as eggs, red meat, dairy, and some vegetables and fruits. If you are taking these medications it is a wise idea to avoid these foods. Additionally, it is generally recommended that you do not drink alcohol when taking SSRIs since it can make it more difficult to deal with certain side effects. Benzodiazepines Benzodiazepines enhance the calming effects of certain chemicals in the brain and nervous system. They function by enhancing the effects of a neurotransmitter named Gamma-aminobutyric Acid (GABA) which inhibits the activity of nerves. These drugs can be effective in treating insomnia, anxiety and other psychological disorders. They can be addictive and should only be used for short periods under medical supervision. Benzos can be dangerous if taken recreationally or in combination with other substances like alcohol. If someone suffers from anxiety disorders, they typically turn to medication as their first option. However, this is not the only option. Psychotherapy, also known as talk therapy, has been proven to help decrease anxiety symptoms. There are a variety of psychotherapies, however cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the most popular and effective. This type of psychotherapy teaches you how to modify your thinking and behavior so that you don't feel anxious as often. Alprazolam and chlordiazepoxide as well as diazep, clorazepate, lorazepam and quazepam are the most commonly used benzodiazepines. They all share the same pharmacological properties, but each has its own distinct side effects profile. Clorazepate for instance is more effective at treating seizures compared to other benzodiazepines. Lorazepam on the other hand, is superior at treating anxiety disorders compared to the quazepam. Benzodiazepines are extremely effective, but they should not be used long-term because they can cause physical dependence and tolerance. In addition, they can lead to withdrawal symptoms if you stop taking them abruptly like a pounding heart, sweating and shaking. The symptoms can be uncomfortable and last for several weeks. However they can be slowed down when you reduce the medication gradually. Benzodiazepines can be extremely addictive and should only be used only for a limited period of time. Most often, it is not more than four weeks. You must monitor your heart rate, blood pressure and breathing throughout this time so that you don't have an extreme reaction. If you're thinking about taking a benzodiazepine prescription speak with your doctor about your past history of substance abuse. Beta-blockers Beta-blockers are an type of medication that is used to treat anxiety-related symptoms. These drugs prevent adrenaline from binding to beta receptors in your nervous system, which stops the hormone from triggering physical responses such as heart palpitations and tremors. These medications are typically used to treat high blood pressure and other cardiovascular conditions, but they can also be prescribed for off-label use in cases of anxiety. When you're stressed your body produces a chemical dubbed adrenaline which signals your body to prepare for fight or flight. Adrenaline is a beta receptor that is found in the brain and heart and causes your heart to beat faster and causing other physical reactions. Beta-blockers, which are an class of drugs that treat hypertension and other heart ailments they work by preventing the adrenaline binding which reduces the heart rate and blood pressure. Contrary to SSRIs and benzodiazepines, which take weeks or months to produce a noticeable improvement in your symptoms, beta-blockers are fast-acting. This makes them an excellent option for people who need immediate relief from their anxiety, such as those who have to give a speech in public or fly on an airplane. In addition, they are ideal for those who suffer from anxiety and a chronic heart issue, such as congestive heart failure or atherosclerosis. Beta-blockers may reduce physical symptoms of anxiety, but they don't address the root causes. They are only prescribed in conjunction with a comprehensive treatment plan that incorporates lifestyle modifications and counseling. However, they are a useful option for people who have tried other medications for anxiety and have not found them to be effective or to have intolerable side effects. There are a variety of different kinds of beta-blockers such as propranolol and atenolol. Your doctor will decide the best one for you based on your medical history and your health. These medications can cause side effects such as low blood pressure or fatigue. It is crucial to discuss the options for treatment with your doctor. MAOIs The first MAOIs were developed in the 1950s. monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are effective antidepressants for some anxiety and depression. However, they aren't commonly used as often as SSRIs or other antidepressants due to the requirement for strict dietary restrictions and risks of drug interactions. Some MAOIs can be taken orally in tablet form while others (such as Emsam) are available in the form of a transdermal patch that's applied to the skin each day. MAOIs block the actions of MAO and increase the amount of norepinephrine and serotonin in the brain. These neurotransmitters play a part in sleep, mood, and appetite, as well as sexual function. MAOIs also have effects on anxiety. However they are more likely to cause adverse effects than TCAs and SSRIs and carry boxed warnings for suicide. In addition to the MAOIs listed below your doctor may prescribe additional medications or treatments that can aid in managing your symptoms. A beta-blocker, such as propranolol, is often prescribed to ease physical symptoms that are associated with anxiety. Your doctor may suggest a relaxation method, or other home treatments to alleviate your symptoms. The first MAOI, Iproniazid, was discovered during research into tuberculosis in 1952. It was soon discovered to possess mood-enhancing properties and is regarded as the first antidepressant medication. Generally, MAOIs are only used when other antidepressants do not perform, as they could cause serious side effects that require immediate medical attention. It could cause a risky reaction resulting in high blood pressure if you are taking an MAOI when you eat foods that contain tyramine. Tyramine is present in a variety of red meats and cheeses as well as in fish, shellfish and some dietary supplements. This severe reaction could cause headache pain that is throbbing, nausea, vomiting and a fast heartbeat. MAOIs can also interact with other drugs and cause severe side effects, such as suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Before prescribing MAOIs, your doctor will discuss with you the foods to avoid. They will instruct you to stay clear of eating foods containing tyramine while taking the medication. He or she will also provide the list of foods that are safe to consume when taking MAOIs. Using this food guide will help prevent MAOI-related side effects.