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Medications For Anxiety Disorder and Depression Medications help many people manage anxiety, but they're not the only solution. Exercise and psychotherapy are effective treatments, too. Some antidepressants work to treat anxiety as well, such as SSRIs such as citalopram (Celexa), escitalopram (Lexapro) and the fluoxetine (Prozac), paroxetine (Paxil) and sertraline (Zoloft). Others, like histamine blockers like Vistaril (hydroxyzine) can offer relief. Antidepressants Your doctor may prescribe medication to treat depression. Antidepressants are among the most frequently prescribed drugs, and there are many kinds to pick from. The type of antidepressant your doctor prescribes will be based on your symptoms, other medical conditions and treatment goals. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are among the most commonly prescribed antidepressants. They work by altering the way that brain nerve cells communicate. They do this by increasing the quantity of certain neurotransmitters that enhances mood and anxiety. Antidepressants can take a while to produce results, so take your time and stick to your regimen. Benzodiazepines can also be prescribed by your physician to treat depression or anxiety. They are quick-acting and can help alleviate depression and anxiety symptoms in a short time. Examples of benzodiazepines are lorazepam and alprazolam. They block the action of adrenaline and noradrenaline which are hormones involved in the fight or flight reaction. Monoamine inhibitors of oxidase are a kind of antidepressant that can be effective in treating depression and anxiety. They are typically prescribed to people who have not responded to other antidepressants. They also require dietary changes to prevent hypertensive effects caused by the amino acid tyramine. If you're taking an antidepressant prescription inform your doctor about any other medications you're taking, including vitamins and supplements. You may need to lower your dose if you're taking other medications that impact the way antidepressants work or if they trigger negative side effects. Get help immediately if you have thoughts of suicide. There are many signs of anxiety and depression, or you could have a combination of depression and anxiety. People who have comorbid anxiety and depression are more likely to have a negative medical prognosis than those who only have one disorder. Certain psychiatric medications have been proven to be especially helpful in treating both disorders for those who suffer from comorbid depression and anxiety. Benzodiazepines Benzodiazepines are a great way to relieve anxiety symptoms, including alprazolam, clonazepam, chlordiazepoxide diazepam, lorazepam, and diazepam. These medications act on the benzodiazepine receptors of the central nervous system which are five transmembrane proteins that form an benzylchloride channel in the center. The benzodiazepine receptors also have a binding site for the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutryic acid type A (GABA-A). The benzodiazepines function by increasing the concentration of GABA-A, decreasing the activity of the nerve and relaxing muscles. Benzodiazepines are known to have a quick start of action, but they are also at risk of dependence and addiction. Antipsychotics, anticonvulsants, and buspirone all have a longer duration of action, however they are the best choice for long-term use because they don't cause tolerance or addiction. Depression is often found to be associated with anxiety disorders, and antidepressants may aid in reducing the symptoms of depression that are a result of anxiety. However, many people with depression experience a combination of both anxious and depressive symptoms and will require a combination of medication and therapy to manage all of their symptoms. In these situations benzodiazepines can be employed for a brief period to control depression or anxiety symptoms while other medications are in effect. These medications are usually prescribed for a short period of time, not for daily. These medicines should not be used for long periods of time because they can cause withdrawal symptoms like shaking or trouble sleeping. Discuss with your doctor if have had any issues with dependence, addiction, or mental health. Your doctor can talk to you about the possible side effects, and can suggest alternative medication if necessary to treat depression. If you've never taken benzodiazepines before or if you use them frequently they can lead to serious and sometimes fatal side effects. If you are breastfeeding or pregnant, or if you have a history of liver disease or other digestive or respiratory diseases or liver disease, your doctor might limit the duration of treatment or require lower doses. Alcohol can interact with benzodiazepines, and could increase the risk of adverse effects and dependence, therefore it is advised not to drink alcohol while taking them. Beta-blockers Beta-blockers are a drug that can reduce anxiety symptoms. They are a different type of drug from benzodiazepines like Xanax, and they are able to block receptors that adrenaline binds to. They also reduce the activity of the nervous system and brain. They can be an alternative to benzodiazepines that have a higher risk of addiction and dependence. Beta blockers are often prescribed to treat heart problems and are effective in treating anxiety as they lower blood pressure and slow the heart rate. They aren't FDA-approved to treat anxiety disorders. They are prescribed “off-label” to treat anxiety disorders. They are an excellent option if other antianxiety medications aren't working or have undesirable adverse negative effects. They are particularly efficient in cases of social and performance anxiety, in which physical symptoms may occur in situations that cause anxiety. They can be utilized in combination with other treatment options such as CBT and SSRIs. They are especially effective as an add-on therapy for those with GAD that is characterized by constant and persistent anxiety that interferes with daily life activities. They can also aid in managing physical symptoms of anxiety, such as the racing heart or the increased sweating. Beta-blockers can ease physical symptoms of anxiety, but they do not address the underlying psychological issues which contribute to the condition. They are best used to complement other treatments, like benzodiazepines and SSRIs. Before you start taking beta-blockers, it is important to talk to your doctor about your medical history and any other health concerns. The use of these drugs is associated with a decrease in psychiatric hospitalisations and suicidal behaviour however, the outcomes vary according to the specific psychiatric diagnosis and psychiatric history prior to the diagnosis. In some patients, they may also increase the risk of heart attacks. Some natural ingredients have the same properties as beta-blockers but aren't as efficient. They include antioxidants as well as garlic, saffron and potassium. These natural ingredients aren't completely understood. Certain of these products can cause serious adverse side effects, so it's best to consult with a physician before taking them. disorders anxiety Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) work by changing the way your brain works. They inhibit an enzyme called monoamine oxide which breaks down chemical compounds like serotonin, norepinephrine and other chemical compounds that let brain cells to communicate with one another. By blocking monoamine oxide, MAOIs allow more of these chemical messengers to stay in your brain. This improves brain cell communication, and elevates your mood. These medications are also effective in treating anxiety disorders, particularly agoraphobia and mixed depression-anxiety states. However, they are less efficient in the case of anxiety that is pure and may not help with panic attacks. The effectiveness of MAOIs has been due to the fact that they increase levels of dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin in the brain. These neurotransmitters are naturally produced in your body and then released into the bloodstream, where they travel to nerve cells and act as a messenger between neurons. Iproniazid was the very first antidepressant to be developed in 1950. It blocked monoamine oxidease. This led to the development of other MAOIs, like tranylcypromine and isocarboxazid, that have long been known to help treat depression. MAOIs are usually prescribed after other types of antidepressants, such as tricyclic antidepressants or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, have been tried without success. MAOIs can cause serious withdrawal symptoms when abruptly stopped. They may also cause serious food and drug interactions. A newer MAOI, MAOA-A, which is a selective and irreversible inhibitor is being studied for its use in treating depression resistant to treatment. It is not recommended to use in bipolar disorder since it may trigger manic symptoms. Another MAOI that is newer, selegiline (Eldepryl or Zelapar) is being researched to treat Parkinson's disease. It blocks monoamine oxidase however, it does not alter other enzymes that break down levodopa, the primary treatment for Parkinson's. These medications may be used in conjunction with other antidepressants. MAOIs can trigger hyperreflexia as well as increased neuromuscular excitability in some patients. This can manifest itself as a twitching of the muscles or eyelid flickering. These reactions may be more common when the drugs are consumed in conjunction with certain foods such as aged cheeses or preserved meats.